Dry Eyes: Sjögren’s Syndrome

Sjögren’s Syndrome (pronounced SHOW-grins)

Sjögren’s , identified by Swedish physician Henrik Sjögren in 1933, is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks the exocrine glands – the glands that produce moisture needed in the mouth, skin, eyes, vaginal area, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract. The glands that produces moisture are called exocrine glands. Among those glands, there is the lacrymal glands for tears production and the salivary glands for saliva production which is very important for digestive and oral health. We do not know the cause of Sjögren’s, however, genetic factors may increase the risk.

Sjögren’s is a relatively common autoimmune disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. The diagnosis is not easy and it can take a couple of years to be sure of the presence of the disease. Dry eyes and dry mouth are often present but many patient experience fatigue and joint pain. Because moisture is so vital to healthy bodily systems such as digestion and vision, the significant delay in managing the symptoms of Sjögren’s can result in serious complications, including damage to vital organs and systems throughout the body.

The symptoms includes:

• Dry, gritty or burning sensation in the eyes
• Difficulty talking, chewing or swallowing
• Sore or cracked tongue
• Dry or burning throat
• Dry, peeling lips
• Dry nose
• Vaginal and skin dryness
• Change in taste or smell
• Increased dental decay
• Digestive problems
• Joint pain
• Fatigue

The intensity of symptoms from Sjögren’s syndrome vary from one person to the other. Some will experience mild discomfort while others may be very affected in their quality of life, greatly impairing their daily functioning. Almost 90% of people who develop Sjögren’s are women and most diagnosis are established at around the age of 40-50 years old. Note that men and children can also be affected by Sjögren’s.

There is actually no cure for Sjögren’s. Treatments available may improve the quality of life and reduce the severity of the symptoms and prevent complications. Saliva substitutes and artificial tears may be used as well as moisture chamber glasses specifically designed for dry eyes.